Short answers, pulled from the story.
Christian forces reconquered the city of Toledo from Muslim rule in the year 1085. This event opened vast libraries filled with centuries of accumulated wisdom that had been translated into Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age.
Raymond served as Archbishop of Toledo from 1126 until his death in 1151 when he initiated the first formal translation center located within the library of the Cathedral of Toledo. His team included Mozarabic Toledans, Jewish scholars, Madrasah teachers, and monks from the Order of Cluny to convert classical Arabic texts into Medieval Latin.
Gerard of Cremona arrived in Toledo in 1167 seeking Ptolemy's Almagest and later translated more than 87 books covering Arabic science before his death. More Arabic science passed into Western Europe through his hands than any other single method including works by Aristotle and al-Khwarizmi.
King Alfonso X of Castile known as The Wise shifted translation goals away from Latin toward Old Spanish to ensure wider audience reach within Spain and other European countries. By insisting texts be llanos de entender meaning easy to understand he established the foundations of what would eventually develop into two distinct varieties of Spanish originating from Toledo and Seville respectively.
Sephardic Jewish scientists acquired a prominent role within Alfonso's School due to their mastery of both Arabic and Castilian languages. Yehuda ben Moshe Cohen assisted Garci Pérez in translating the Lapidario book about medical properties of rocks and gems while Isaac ibn Sid produced simple translations like Libro de las armellas so any man could readily use them.