Short answers, pulled from the story.
Thomas Cranmer was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1533 to 1556 and a central leader of the English Reformation. He helped build the case for Henry VIII's annulment from Catherine of Aragon, supported the principle of royal supremacy over the Church, authored the first two editions of the Book of Common Prayer, and compiled the Forty-two Articles that later became the Thirty-nine Articles.
Thomas Cranmer was burned at the stake on the 21st of March 1556 in Oxford, after being convicted of heresy and treason. At the pulpit before his execution, he publicly withdrew the recantations he had made under pressure, then thrust his right hand into the flames first as punishment for having signed those documents.
The Book of Common Prayer is a complete uniform liturgy for the Church of England, first published in 1549. Cranmer led its creation and a subsequent revision in 1552, drawing on sources including the Sarum Rite and Lutheran texts. The 1552 edition, minus the Black Rubric, became the basis of the Elizabethan prayer book and has guided Anglican worship for four hundred years.
Cranmer produced six recantations while imprisoned, under sustained pressure from state and Church authorities and after being moved from Bocardo prison to the comparatively comfortable house of the Dean of Christ Church, where he was engaged in theological debate by a Dominican friar named Juan de Villagarcía. Despite the recantations, Queen Mary decided to proceed with his execution on the treason charge.
Margarete Cranmer, niece of the Nuremberg reformer Andreas Osiander's wife, escaped to Germany around the time of Mary I's accession. After Cranmer's execution she eventually married his favourite publisher, Edward Whitchurch, and the couple settled in Surrey. After Whitchurch died in 1562 she married a third time, to Bartholomew Scott, and died in the 1570s.
The Church of England commemorates Cranmer as a Reformation Martyr on the 21st of March, the anniversary of his execution. An annual remembrance is held by the Prayer Book Society at a paving cross in Broad Street, Oxford, marking the supposed site of the burning. The U.S. Episcopal Church also honours him alongside Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley on the 16th of October.