Short answers, pulled from the story.
Arthur Breitman released two papers under the pseudonym L. M. Goodman in 2014 while working at Morgan Stanley. He registered Dynamic Ledger Solutions Inc. in Delaware as chief executive that same year.
The foundation raised $232 million in Bitcoin and Ethereum during one of the largest initial coin offerings ever. Assets held by the foundation stood at $820 million including the Breitmans share by December 2017.
Disputes over control led to allegations that Gevers pressured the council into signing a contract giving him a bonus of $1.5 million. The Tezos Foundation paid $25 million to settle lawsuits in 2020 before federal courts ruled on the security classification issue.
The primary protocol supports Turing complete smart contracts written in Michelson language. Michelson is a purely functional stack based language with no side effects designed for formal verification.
The testnet launched in June 2018 followed by mainnet going live that September. This timeline allowed developers to verify contract behavior without running the full execution environment first.