Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Syria-Lebanon campaign, also called Operation Exporter, was a British Empire invasion of Syria and Lebanon in June and July 1941. The territories were then under the control of Vichy France, a vassal state of Nazi Germany. The campaign ended with an armistice on the 12th of July 1941.
Britain invaded to prevent Axis powers from using Syria and Lebanon as bases for attacks on Egypt and to deny Germany access to Syrian airfields and railways. Admiral Francois Darlan had signed the Paris Protocols on the 28th of May 1941, granting Germany use of military facilities in Vichy-controlled Syria, including the right to refuel Luftwaffe and Italian aircraft there.
Vichy French authorities reported 6,352 casualties, of whom 521 were killed; Dentz later revised the killed figure to 1,092. Allied casualties totalled about 4,652, including 1,552 Australians (416 killed, 1,136 wounded), roughly 1,300 Free French losses, and 1,100 Free French taken prisoner. The Vichy air force lost 179 aircraft.
The Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre, also known as the Convention of Acre, was signed on the 14th of July 1941 at the Sidney Smith Barracks on the outskirts of the city of Acre. A ceasefire had already come into effect at one minute past midnight on the 12th of July.
Two soldiers received the Victoria Cross for actions in the Syria-Lebanon campaign: Lieutenant Arthur Roden Cutler and Private Jim Gordon.
Free French General Georges Catroux was placed in control of Syria and Lebanon after the campaign. On the 26th of November 1941, shortly after assuming his post, Catroux recognized the independence of both countries in the name of the Free French movement. Lebanon became an independent state on the 22nd of November 1943.