Short answers, pulled from the story.
Sukarno declared Indonesian independence on the 17th of August 1945, at 10 in the morning, from the front porch of his house at Jalan Pegangsaan Timur No. 56 in Jakarta. He read the Proclamation to a crowd of five hundred people, with Mohammad Hatta at his side.
Pancasila is the five-principle philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, formulated by Sukarno. He introduced it on the 1st of June 1945 in a speech before the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence. The five principles are nationalism, internationalism, democracy, social justice, and belief in God.
Guided Democracy was the authoritarian system Sukarno introduced by presidential decree on the 5th of July 1959, reinstating the 1945 constitution and establishing presidential rule. He argued that Western-style parliamentary democracy was unsuitable for Indonesia, and that decisions should be reached through deliberation and consensus under presidential guidance, as he claimed was traditional at the village level.
Following the coup attempt of the 30th of September 1965, attributed to senior leaders in the Communist Party of Indonesia, General Suharto took control of the government in a military takeover. Suharto officially became president in 1967, and Sukarno was placed under house arrest until his death on the 21st of June 1970.
Sukarno was a founding figure of the Non-Aligned Movement, which he helped establish at its first summit in Belgrade in 1961 alongside Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Yugoslavia's Josip Broz Tito, and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah. He had earlier organized the 1955 Bandung Conference, which brought together developing Asian and African countries as a step toward this alliance.
Sukarno was given the title Bapak Proklamator, Father of Proclamation, because he led the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch and personally declared independence on the 17th of August 1945. He then led the resistance to Dutch re-colonisation efforts until the Netherlands formally recognised Indonesian independence in 1949.