Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Sudetenland was the historical German name for the northern, southern, and western border areas of former Czechoslovakia, primarily inhabited by German speakers known as Sudeten Germans. The regions correspond broadly to parts of the present-day Czech areas of Karlovy Vary, Liberec, Olomouc, Moravia-Silesia, South Moravia, and Usti nad Labem. The name joined 'Sudeten,' from the Sudeten Mountains, and 'Land,' meaning country.
At the Munich Agreement signed on the 29th of September 1938, Hitler, French Prime Minister Daladier, British Prime Minister Chamberlain, and Mussolini agreed to the immediate transfer of the Sudetenland to Germany. No Czechoslovak representative was present. Germany took formal possession of the territory between the 1st and the 10th of October 1938.
The Sudeten Germans were ethnic German speakers who had lived in the border regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia since the Middle Ages, many descended from settlers invited by the Premyslid kings in the 13th century. According to the February 1921 census, 3,123,000 native German speakers lived in Czechoslovakia, making up 23.4% of the total population.
Following the Potsdam Conference in the summer of 1945, Sudeten Germans were expelled from Czechoslovakia. Around 500,000 were expelled in spring-summer 1945, and nearly all remaining Germans were expelled beginning in 1946 after the Benes decrees. By 1950, only 159,938 people of German background remained in the Czech Republic, down from 3,149,820 in 1930.
The Sudetenland had a high concentration of export-dependent industries, including glass works, textile mills, paper-making, and toy-making. Some 60% of Czechoslovakia's bijouterie and glassmaking industry was located there, and 95% of bijouterie and 78% of other glassware was produced for export. When global demand collapsed and other countries imposed protective tariffs, Sudetenland workers were among the hardest hit.
No. According to reports from The Times, a large number of Sudetenlanders actively opposed annexation, and writer Wickham Steed reported that over 50% of Henlein's SdP supporters preferred greater autonomy within Czechoslovakia rather than joining Germany. Historian Elizabeth Wiskemann noted that local industrialists feared Reich German competition and that many Sudeten Germans, particularly in Silesia, were strongly pro-Czechoslovak.