Short answers, pulled from the story.
Zeno of Citium founded Stoicism in the ancient Agora of Athens near the end of the fourth century BCE. He taught philosophy in a public space called the Stoa Poikile which featured mythic and historical battle scenes on its north side.
The early phase of Stoicism flourished throughout the Greco-Roman world until the third century CE. The movement experienced decline after Christianity became the state religion in the fourth century CE.
Chrysippus of Soli lived between 279 BCE and 206 BCE as the third head of the Stoic school. He wrote more than 300 books on logic yet almost all of his logical writings are lost today.
Stoics identified four cardinal virtues to practice in everyday life: prudence, fortitude, temperance, and justice. They also emphasized living in accordance with nature itself to achieve happiness.
Neostoicism emerged as a philosophical movement in the late sixteenth century through works by Renaissance humanist Justus Lipsius. Guillaume du Vair wrote Traité de la Constance in 1594 which became another important influence within neo-stoic movement.