Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Second Temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar in 516 BCE. King Darius authorized the resumption of work after political interference halted it for seven years.
Judas Maccabeus and his brothers recaptured the Temple Mount and removed the pagan altar erected by Antiochus IV Epiphanes in 167 BCE. They purified and rededicated the Second Temple, establishing the origin of Hanukkah on the 25th of Kislev.
Some stone blocks weighed well over 100 tons with the largest measuring approximately 43 feet long and weighing around 567,628 tons. The expanded sanctuary doubled the size of the original Temple Mount complex.
Passover began on the 14th of Nisan when thousands sacrificed lambs or kids in the courtyards between the ninth and eleventh hours. Sukkot started on the 15th of Tishrei and lasted seven days featuring a procession carrying Four Species including palm branches and citron.
Roman legions destroyed much of Jerusalem and Herod's Temple on either the 4th of August 70 or the 30th of August 70 CE. Golden vessels were displayed in the Temple of Peace while Torah scrolls and purple curtains were deposited in Vespasian's residence.
A hewn stone engraved with Greek uncials discovered near the court in 1871 outlined prohibitions for non-Jews entering inner courts. Archaeologists announced in September 2007 that a quarry compound provided stones for King Herod's Temple starting around 19 BCE.