Short answers, pulled from the story.
Samwise Gamgee is a hobbit gardener who becomes Frodo Baggins' primary companion and carries him up Mount Doom. He inherited his position from his father Hamfast and served as Mayor of the Shire for seven consecutive terms before retiring to Bag End.
Tolkien served as an officer in the British Army during the First World War starting in 1914. His biographer John Garth noted that Sam reflected English soldiers privates and batmen known from 1914.
In fiction Sam's name translates from Westron Banazîr Galbasi meaning halfwise or simple. Galbasi came from village name using elements matching English placename endings like wich or wick.
Sean Astin starred in Peter Jackson films starting with Fellowship of Ring in 2001. Entertainment Weekly called Sam one of greatest sidekicks ever created in cinema history.
Sam married Rosie Cotton and was blessed with thirteen children including Elanor. He used earth from Galadriel's garden to replant trees across the Shire after the Scouring.