Short answers, pulled from the story.
Celebrimbor forged the Three Great Rings alone in Eregion without Sauron's direct involvement. These rings were created before Sauron forged the One Ring and remained free of his control until after his defeat.
Sauron forged the One Ring within the fires of Mount Doom during the Second Age while disguised as Annatar. He completed this master ring to control all other rings created by the Elven-smiths of Eregion.
Sauron recovered three of the Seven Rings from Dwarven kindreds including Durin's Folk, Firebeards, Broadbeams, Ironfists, Stiffbeards, Blacklocks, and Stonefoots. The remaining four rings were consumed by dragons over time while Thráin II lost one during captivity in Dol Guldur.
The One Ring existed for thousands of years from its forging in the Second Age until its destruction at the end of the Third Age. It first appeared in Tolkien's 1937 children's fantasy The Hobbit before becoming central to The Lord of the Rings narrative.
Nenya protected Galadriel's realm of Lothlórien while Vilya safeguarded Rivendell under Elrond's care. Narya was held by Gandalf who received it from Círdan at the Grey Havens during the Third Age.