Short answers, pulled from the story.
Renaissance philosophy covers the period running roughly from 1400 to 1600 in Europe. It overlaps with late medieval philosophy on one end and with early modern philosophy, which conventionally begins with Rene Descartes and his Discourse on Method published in 1637, on the other.
Marsilio Ficino translated Plato's complete works into Latin in Florence in 1484. Before this translation, Plato had been known in the Latin West through only two and a half dialogues.
Aristotle's writings structured the philosophy curriculum at universities across Europe, covering natural philosophy, moral philosophy, and metaphysics. His Nicomachean Ethics remained the primary authority for ethics at Protestant universities until the late seventeenth century, with over fifty Protestant commentaries published on it before 1682.
Leonardo Bruni, chancellor of Florence and the pre-eminent humanist of his time, produced a new Latin translation of Aristotle's Ethics in 1416-1417. He aimed to replace the technical medieval Latin with a more flowing, idiomatic, and classical style that would be accessible to readers without specialist training.
No. Most Renaissance philosophers were at least nominal Christians, and religion shaped the period's central debates. The most successful natural philosophy compendium of the era, Frans Titelmans's Compendium philosophiae naturalis, first published in 1530, was written by a Franciscan friar and carries a strongly religious character. Renaissance philosophy culminates in the period of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).
From the 1540s onward, philosophers began producing Italian-language translations, paraphrases, and dialogues on a large scale, making philosophical ideas accessible to readers without Latin. Alessandro Piccolomini drew up a programme to translate or paraphrase the entire Aristotelian corpus into Italian, and Benedetto Varchi, Bernardo Segni, and Giambattista Gelli all contributed to this effort in Florence.