Short answers, pulled from the story.
Rana Sanga, formally known as Sangram Singh I, was the Maharana of Mewar from the 24th of May 1509 until his death in 1528. He was a member of the Sisodia dynasty who ruled from the capital at Chittorgarh, with his empire reaching its greatest extent in 1521.
Rana Sanga was said to have won 18 battles against the sultans of Delhi, Malwa, and Gujarat. According to legend, he fought 100 battles in total and lost only one, the Battle of Khanwa in 1527.
Rana Sanga received more than 80 wounds in battle. He lost an eye in a struggle with his brothers before taking the throne, lost an arm at the Battle of Khatoli in 1517, and was permanently lamed by an arrow in the same battle.
Rana Sanga lost at Khanwa on the 16th of March 1527 primarily because Babur deployed cannons, matchlocks, and other firearms that northern India had not previously encountered. He was also betrayed during the battle by his vassal Silhadi, who switched sides and joined Babur.
Rana Sanga was poisoned by nobles who did not want further conflict with the Mughals. He died in Kalpi; the most commonly cited date is the 30th of January 1528.
The Battle of Khanwa made Babur the master of north India by crushing the Rajput clans, which later historians judged more consequential than his earlier defeat of Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat. Historian Andre Wink noted that after Khanwa, the center of Mughal power shifted from Kabul to Agra, where it remained until the death of Alamgir.