Questions about Penalty shoot-out (association football)

Short answers, pulled from the story.

When was the first recorded penalty shoot-out in professional football?

The first recorded penalty shoot-out in professional football occurred at Boothferry Park in Hull on the 30th of September 1970. Manchester United defeated Hull City in that Watney Cup semi-final match.

Who proposed the concept of a penalty shoot-out before IFAB adopted it?

Israeli Yosef Dagan proposed the concept following a 1968 Olympic quarter-final loss to Bulgaria decided by a coin toss. Michael Almog later described Dagan's proposal in a letter published in FIFA News in August 1969.

What are the specific rules for players participating in a penalty shoot-out?

Only players who were on the pitch at the end of normal play or temporarily absent due to injury can participate in the procedure. When one side has more players than the opponent because of red cards or injuries, they must reduce their numbers to match the weaker team under the rule known as reduce to equate introduced by IFAB in February 2000.

Which match holds the world record for the highest score in a penalty shoot-out?

F.C. Dimona defeated Shimshon Tel Aviv twenty-three-twenty requiring fifty-six penalties during Israel's Liga Alef promotion playoffs 2023-24 establishing world record highest score first-class match.

How does the ABBA sequence differ from traditional alternating order in penalty shoot-outs?

IFAB tested an ABBA sequence starting March 2017 mirroring tennis tiebreaks where Team A kicks first followed by B then A again. Trials ended November 2018 due to complexity concerns leaving traditional alternating order intact.

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