Short answers, pulled from the story.
The German occupation of Czechoslovakia began on the 1st of October 1938, when Germany annexed the Sudetenland following the Munich Agreement. The occupation expanded on the 15th-the 16th of March 1939, when Germany established the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and by the end of 1944 extended to all parts of former Czechoslovakia.
Hitler's primary motivation was economic. By late 1937, Germany's Four-Year Plan had exhausted the country's foreign exchange reserves, and Germany urgently needed Czechoslovakia's gold, industrial capacity, and raw materials. Czechoslovakia ranked as Europe's seventh-largest economy and the world's seventh-largest arms manufacturer, with major facilities like the Skoda Works in Plzen.
The Munich Agreement was signed on the 29th of September 1938 by Germany, Italy, France, and Britain, requiring Czechoslovakia to cede the Sudetenland to Germany. The Czechoslovak government was neither invited nor consulted. The agreement left the country without its mountain frontier and fortification system, and Beneš resigned as president on the 5th of October 1938.
Lidice was completely destroyed by the Nazis as a reprisal for the assassination of Reichsprotektor Reinhard Heydrich in May 1942. All men over 16 from the village were murdered, and the remaining population was sent to concentration camps where many women and nearly all the children were killed. The village had no actual connection to the resistance.
Between 294,000 and 320,000 citizens were murdered during the occupation, the majority of them Jews. In total, an estimated 345,000 World War II casualties came from Czechoslovakia, with 277,000 of them Jews. As many as 144,000 Soviet troops also died during the liberation of the country.
Operation Anthropoid was the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, the Reichsprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia, carried out on the 27th of May 1942 by Jozef Gabcik and Jan Kubis, who had been trained in Britain and parachuted into Czechoslovakia. Heydrich was one of Hitler's most senior officials and a deputy to SS leader Heinrich Himmler. The assassination triggered massive German reprisals, including the destruction of Lidice and Lezáky.