When did Isaac Newton publish Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica?
Isaac Newton published Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687 to describe the motion of physical objects.
Questions about Newton's laws of motion
Short answers, pulled from the story.
Who challenged Aristotle's view on violent motion before Newton?
John Philoponus in the sixth century challenged this view by suggesting that impetus was contained within the body itself. Galileo Galilei later concluded from experiments that a moving body would keep moving until something interfered with it.
What is the mathematical formula for momentum according to Newton's laws?
Momentum equals mass multiplied by velocity when using modern notation. When mass does not change with time, force equals mass times acceleration.
Which scientists supported Newton's third law regarding collisions?
Newton cited the work of Christiaan Huygens, Christopher Wren, and John Wallis to support his third law stating forces have equal magnitude but opposite directions. These researchers deduced conservation of momentum through studies of hard spheres and elastic or inelastic collisions.
How does special relativity affect the speed limit of bodies compared to Newtonian physics?
No matter how much force is applied, a body cannot reach the speed of light according to Lorentz factor calculations. Special relativity revises notions of space and time so all inertial observers agree upon light speed in vacuum.