Short answers, pulled from the story.
Adolf Hitler never called himself a Nazi in official documents or speeches. The word Nazi appeared in no official documents or speeches by Hitler, Hermann Göring, or Joseph Goebbels, and the party referred to itself as National Socialists inside the Third Reich.
Philosophers like Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl, and Houston Stewart Chamberlain provided the ideological foundations of Nazism. Fichte called for a German national revolution, Riehl tied the German Volk to its native landscape, and Chamberlain argued for Germanic supremacy in The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century.
The Nazi Party secured the support of key sectors of industry by 1933, including steel, coal, and chemical producers. This support came as unemployment soared during the Great Depression and business leaders saw the Nazis as a bulwark against communism.
The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 banned marriage and sexual relations between Aryans and Jews. These laws later extended to Romani, Slavs, and blacks, and were used to justify the sterilization of hundreds of thousands of people deemed genetically unfit.
Hitler believed that Germany needed to expand eastward to acquire the land and resources necessary for its survival. He planned to deport the surplus Russian population to the east of the Ural Mountains to create a vast agrarian empire for German settlers.
The Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 was a failed attempt to seize power in Munich that was modeled after the March on Rome by Benito Mussolini. This event demonstrated the Nazi movement's early reliance on violence and its admiration for Italian fascism.