Short answers, pulled from the story.
Murshid Quli Khan was born as Suryanarayana Mishra, a Hindu Brahmin from the Deccan Plateau around 1670. He was sold into slavery at the age of ten and converted to Islam before rising to become the first Nawab of Bengal.
Emperor Aurangzeb appointed Murshid Quli Khan as the Diwan of Bengal in 1700. This appointment triggered a power struggle with Azim-us-Shan, the province's subahdar, who resented the loss of control over provincial revenue.
Murshid Quli Khan relocated the diwani office to Murshidabad after facing an assassination attempt by soldiers led by Abdul Wahid. The new location offered strategic advantages including easy communication to the rest of the province and proximity to the banks of the Ganges.
Murshid Quli Khan replaced the traditional Mughal jagirdari system with the mal jasmani system, which required security bonds from contractors known as ijardaars. These contractors collected land revenue and eventually became known as zamindars while squeezing out the traditional jagirdars.
Murshid Quli Khan constructed the Katra Masjid, a five-bayed rectangular mosque, in 1724. The mosque serves as his burial site and is located under the staircase of the structure he commissioned to reflect his status.