Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Saul Zaentz Company acquired the film and merchandising rights in 1976 before establishing a division named Tolkien Enterprises two years later. This entity eventually became known as Middle-earth Enterprises in 2010.
Embracer Group purchased Middle-earth Enterprises from The Saul Zaentz Company in 2022. It now operates as a subdivision of the Embracer Freemode division within the larger Embracer Group structure.
Electronic Arts obtained licensing agreements for products tied to Peter Jackson's films starting with The Two Towers in 2002. Daybreak Game Company developed The Lord of the Rings Online while Daedalic Entertainment partnered with Nacon to release The Lord of the Rings: Gollum in 2023.
Iron Crown Enterprises held the role-playing license from 1982 until 1999 when Tolkien Enterprises severed their agreement after ICE stopped developing new products. Decipher Inc took over the license producing The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game between 2002 and 2006 before Cubicle 7 produced The One Ring Roleplaying Game in 2011.
The Hobbit pub in Southampton received copyright infringement documents from Middle-earth Enterprises in March 2012 yet continued trading under that name through October 2020. The Hungry Hobbit café in Birmingham faced similar legal threats in 2011 drawing criticism from public figures like Stephen Fry who called the actions senseless bullying.