Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first dated print book known as the Diamond Sutra appeared in China in 868 AD. Movable clay type followed in 1041, yet early printed mass media likely emerged from European popular prints around 1400.
Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press allowed the mass production of books to sweep nations starting in 1453. He printed a Latin Bible on a press with movable type that same year.
The United States is the most prominent country in media mergers with 41 of the top 50 deals having an acquirer from that nation. The largest deal in history involved the acquisition of Time Warner by AOL Inc for US$164,746.86 million.
In 1997, J. R. Finnegan Jr. and K. Viswanath identified three main effects or functions of mass media. These include knowledge gaps due to factors including the extent to which content is appealing and the degree to which information channels are accessible.
Mobile phones became a mass medium only in 1998 when the first downloadable ringing tones were introduced in Finland. Podcasting emerged as a new phenomenon in 2004 when several technologies combined.