Short answers, pulled from the story.
Marcus Aurelius was born in Rome on the 26th of April 121. His birth name is sometimes given as Marcus Annius Verus, but sources assign this name to him upon his father's death and unofficial adoption by his grandfather.
Quintus Junius Rusticus had the strongest influence on Marcus Aurelius regarding Stoic philosophy. Apollonius may have introduced Marcus to Stoic philosophy, but Rusticus taught him not to be led astray into enthusiasm for rhetoric.
After Antoninus died in 161, Marcus became effectively sole ruler until the Senate granted him the title Augustus. He refused to take office unless Lucius received equal powers, making it the first time that Rome was ruled by two emperors.
The Tiber overflowed its banks flooding much of Rome in either autumn 161 or spring 162. The Antonine Plague broke out in 165 or 166 and devastated the population causing the deaths of five to ten million people.
In April 145, Marcus married Faustina legally his sister as had been planned since 138. Faustina bore at least thirteen children over the next twenty-three years including Domitia Faustina who gave birth on the 30th of November 147.