Short answers, pulled from the story.
Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne (1498-the 28th of April 1519) was a French noblewoman of the ancient House of La Tour d'Auvergne. She is best known as the mother of Catherine de' Medici, the future Queen of France and consort of Henry II.
Her father was Jean III de La Tour, Count of Auvergne and Lauraguais, and her mother was Jeanne de Bourbon, Duchess of Bourbon. Both parents died before Madeleine's marriage.
Madeleine married Duke Lorenzo II de' Medici at Chateau d'Amboise on the 5th of May 1518. The wedding was part of a political alliance between Francis I of France and Pope Leo X.
Madeleine's sister Anne had inherited Auvergne and married John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany in 1505, but died childless. The Counties of Auvergne and Boulogne and the barony of La Tour then passed to Madeleine's daughter Catherine de' Medici and were absorbed into the French Crown.
Madeleine died in Italy on the 28th of April 1519, shortly before her husband. Her death is believed to have been caused by plague, though some speculate she may have contracted syphilis from her husband.
Catherine de' Medici was born on the 13th of April 1519 to Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne and Duke Lorenzo II de' Medici. Both parents reportedly welcomed her birth with as much delight as if she had been a boy.