Short answers, pulled from the story.
Lucas Horenbout was a Flemish-born painter who worked at the English court of Henry VIII from 1525 until his death in 1544. He is credited with founding the English school of portrait miniature painting, a tradition that had almost no precedents in England before his arrival.
Horenbout held the title of King's Painter. He was first paid as "pictor maker" from September 1525, was described as King's Painter by 1531, and had the appointment confirmed for life in June 1534 when he also became a denizen, effectively a naturalised citizen.
Horenbout was paid sixty-two pounds and ten shillings per year, though a conflicting source gives the figure as thirty-three pounds and six shillings. Either amount was described by Roy Strong as "huge" and exceeded Hans Holbein's salary of thirty pounds a year during his own period as Henry's court painter.
Karel van Mander recorded that a painter named "Lucas" taught the art of illumination to Hans Holbein the Younger, and that Lucas is assumed to be Horenbout. However, the claim has been doubted, and the original source is not unambiguous.
Twenty-three surviving portrait miniatures have generally been attributed to Horenbout in recent decades. Almost all are of members of English or other royal families, including paintings of at least four of Henry VIII's queens.
Susanna Hornebolt was Lucas Horenbout's sister and herself an illuminator. Albrecht Durer recorded buying a miniature by her in Antwerp in May 1521. She is documented in England in 1529, married to a John Palmer, and illuminations at Hatfield House and in the Sforza Hours have been attributed to her or to Lucas.