Short answers, pulled from the story.
Lorenzo de' Medici, known as Lorenzo the Magnificent, was an Italian statesman and the de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic. He was the most powerful patron of Renaissance culture in Italy and lived from the 1st of January 1449 to the 8th of April 1492.
The Pazzi conspiracy was a 1478 attack on Lorenzo and his brother Giuliano in the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore on Sunday, the 26th of April. Giuliano was stabbed to death, but Lorenzo escaped with a minor neck wound, defended by the poet Poliziano and the banker Francesco Nori, who was killed.
Lorenzo de' Medici's court included Botticelli, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Andrea del Verrocchio, Domenico Ghirlandaio, and Piero and Antonio del Pollaiuolo. Michelangelo lived with Lorenzo's family for three years and dined at their table.
Lorenzo de' Medici ruled Florence indirectly through surrogates in the city councils, using payoffs and strategic marriages until 1490. He never held a formal crown but held the balance of power within the Italic League for decades.
Lorenzo de' Medici died during the late night of the 8th of April 1492 at the family villa of Careggi. Witnesses reported he died peacefully after listening to the Gospel of the day, and he is buried in the Basilica di San Lorenzo in Florence.
Lorenzo de' Medici's son Giovanni became Pope Leo X in 1513, and his adopted nephew Giulio became Pope Clement VII in 1523. Lorenzo also clashed with Pope Sixtus IV, who blessed the Pazzi conspiracy and excommunicated him.