Who was Levina Teerlinc and what was her profession?
Levina Teerlinc was a Flemish painter born in Bruges during the 1510s who became the first female court painter to receive an official salary from the English crown. She specialized in painting tiny portraits on vellum pages under the guidance of her father Simon Bening.
When did Levina Teerlinc arrive in England and which monarchs did she serve?
Levina Teerlinc arrived in England by 1546 after leaving her home in Blanckenberge and served four successive monarchs over three decades including Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. Her employment continued until she died in Stepney, London on the 23rd of June 1576.
How much annual salary did Henry VIII pay Levina Teerlinc for her work as court painter?
The Tudor court paid Levina Teerlinc an annual salary of £40 starting in 1546 which exceeded the amount received by Hans Holbein the Younger during his tenure. This payment was recorded by Lodovico Guicciardini in 1567 while he visited England.
Why are no surviving paintings confirmed as the work of Levina Teerlinc herself?
No surviving painting has been confirmed as the work of Levina Teerlinc because she rarely signed her miniatures which makes identification difficult for modern scholars. Art historian Roy Strong described a group of five suspected works from a 1983 exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum as having weak draughtsmanship and thin transparent paint.
What role did Levina Teerlinc play in the history of English portrait miniature painting?
Levina Teerlinc played a pivotal role in transitioning manuscript illumination into portrait miniature painting and influenced future generations including Nicholas Hilliard who trained under her methods. Her position bridged the gap between Hans Holbein the Younger and Nicholas Hilliard in English court art history.