Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Kingdom of Hungary reached the peak of its power under Louis the Great, who ruled from 1342 to 1382. During his reign he compelled Venice to withdraw from Dalmatia, forced rulers including Tvrtko I of Bosnia and Lazar of Serbia to accept his suzerainty, and in 1370 was elected King of Poland.
Hungary's gold and silver mines produced more than 30 percent of the world's total output, a proportion that held until the Spanish conquest of the Americas in the 1490s. The mines yielded around 2,250 kg of gold and 9,000 kg of silver annually under Charles I.
John Hunyadi was a Hungarian military commander who served as regent of Hungary from 1446 to 1453. His most significant victory came on the 22nd of July 1456 at Nándorfehérvár, present-day Belgrade, where he mobilized 25,000-30,000 commoners and forced the Ottoman forces under Sultan Mehmed II to withdraw, stabilizing Hungary's southern frontier for more than half a century.
The Bibliotheca Corviniana was the personal library of King Matthias Corvinus, containing 2,000 manuscripts. It was the second largest book collection among contemporary libraries, and Matthias himself was the first monarch north of the Alps to introduce Italian Renaissance style into his realms.
At the Battle of Mohács in August 1526, a Hungarian army of around 26,000 faced nearly 100,000 Ottoman troops under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Reinforcements from Croatia and Transylvania failed to arrive in time, up to 20,000 Hungarians were killed, and King Louis II died when he fell from his horse into a bog. The defeat followed decades of fiscal collapse under Vladislaus II, who had dismantled the mercenary army and let border defenses fall into disrepair.
The Tripartitum was a legal compilation written by the scholar István Werbőczy in 1514, prepared in the aftermath of György Dózsa's peasant uprising. It condemned serfs to eternal bondage and exempted nobles from taxation while making them immune from arbitrary arrest. Though never formally enacted as a code, it formed the backbone of Hungary's legal order until the revolution of 1848.