Short answers, pulled from the story.
Prince Nur al-Din Muhammad Salim entered the world on the 31st of August 1569 within the red sandstone walls of Fatehpur Sikri. His mother was Mariam-uz-Zamani, a Rajput princess who had already lost two infant sons named Hassan Mirza and Hussain Mirza in 1564.
Akbar delayed visiting his newborn son for forty-one days due to astrological beliefs common among Hindustani fathers at the time. The baby began moving again during a cheetah hunt vow, leading the emperor to name him after the holy man whose prayers were believed to have saved him.
Jahangir led an army of 12,000 men against the renegade Raja Vir Singh Deo Bundela in Orchha and forced their surrender after tremendous casualties. He ordered the completion of the Jahangir Mahal citadel in Orchha to commemorate this victory while appointing Vir Singh as ruler of Orchha.
Mihr-un-Nissa Begum became Empress Nur Jahan on the 25th of May 1611 and wielded significant political influence behind the throne. Her unprecedented freedom allowed her to nag and fight with him over even the smallest issues without reprimand, which displeased both courtiers and foreign observers alike.
King James I sent Thomas Roe as a British ambassador to the Mughal court at Agra where he resided for three years until 1619. While no major trading privileges were conceded by Jahangir, Roe secured permission for an East India Company factory at Surat.
Jahangir died near Bhimber on the 29th of October 1627 due to severe cold during a journey from Kashmir to Lahore. Prince Khurram executed Shahryar Mirza and Dawar Bakhsh before taking the regnal name Shah Jahan upon arrival in Agra in February 1628.