Short answers, pulled from the story.
Jahangir was the fourth emperor of the Mughal Empire, born Nur ud-din Muhammad Salim on the 31st of August 1569 in Fatehpur Sikri. He reigned from 1605 until his death on the 28th of October 1627. He was the son of Emperor Akbar and his consort Mariam-uz-Zamani.
Nur Jahan, born Mihr-un-Nissa, was the widow of a Persian nobleman named Sher Afgan whom Jahangir married on the 25th of May 1611. From that marriage onward, Jahangir left the reins of government in her hands, appointing her family to high positions. Her title Nur Jahan means "Light of the World."
The Chain of Justice was a golden chain with golden bells that Jahangir ordered placed so that any subject denied justice at any level could use it to appeal directly to the emperor. He described its creation in his memoir the Tuzk-e-Jahangiri, and it is depicted in contemporary paintings.
The Jahangirnama is Jahangir's autobiography, in which he recorded events of his reign, descriptions of flora and fauna, and aspects of daily life. He also commissioned court painters such as Ustad Mansur to create detailed images to accompany his prose, and organized these works into elaborate albums sometimes arranged by themes such as zoology.
Jahangir is buried at Shahdara Bagh, a suburb of Lahore, after dying near Bhimber on the 28th of October 1627 on his journey from Kashmir. His son Shah Jahan commissioned the tomb, which was inscribed on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 1993.
Khusrau Mirza rebelled against Jahangir in April 1606, leaving Agra with 350 horsemen and laying siege to Lahore. Jahangir crushed the rebellion within a week, capturing Khusrau while he attempted to flee across the Chenab river. Khusrau was blinded and imprisoned until 1619, and was later killed on the orders of his brother Shah Jahan.