Short answers, pulled from the story.
Benito Mussolini founded the first fascist organization, the Fasces of Revolutionary Action, in 1915. He then founded the Italian Fasces of Combat in Milan in 1919, co-founded with Futurist poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and poet Giuseppe Ungaretti. The movement became the National Fascist Party in 1921 and took power with the March on Rome in October 1922.
Italian fascism promoted a corporatist economic system that Mussolini called a "Third Position" between capitalism and Marxism. Employers and employees were organized into state-linked associations, all wages were set by the government, and strikes and lockouts were criminalized. By 1939, Italy had achieved the highest rate of state ownership of any economy in the world outside the Soviet Union.
The Doctrine of Fascism, published in 1932, is the official ideological text of Italian fascism. It was authored by the philosopher Giovanni Gentile but published under Benito Mussolini's name. The text defined fascism as an anti-positivist doctrine based on faith rather than reason and described the state as the supreme expression of human life, declaring that everything exists and has value only within the state.
The Manifesto of Race was published on the 14th of July 1938, paving the way for the Italian Racial Laws. Mussolini acknowledged he endorsed the Manifesto "entirely for political reasons," in deference to Nazi Germany. Leading National Fascist Party members including Dino Grandi and Italo Balbo reportedly opposed the racial laws. In 1943, after the fall of his regime, Mussolini expressed regret for the endorsement.
The relationship was complicated. Fascism was originally anti-clerical, but in February 1929 Mussolini signed the Lateran Treaty with the Holy See, establishing Vatican City as a sovereign state and granting 50 million pounds sterling to the papacy, which Cambridge historian John F. Pollard wrote ensured the papacy "would never be poor again." Mussolini nearly faced excommunication over his refusal to allow the Vatican control over education.
Italian fascism claimed a wide range of territories on historical and ethnic grounds. These included Dalmatia, Slovenia, Albania, the Ionian Islands, Corsica, Nice, Savoy, Malta, and Corfu to Italy's west and south, as well as the Swiss regions of Ticino and Graubunden to the north. In January 1939, Italy formally annexed Libya's four coastal provinces as metropolitan Italian territory, designating them Italy's "Fourth Shore."