Short answers, pulled from the story.
The International Monetary Fund formally came into existence on the 27th of December 1945. This occurred when the first 29 countries ratified its Articles of Agreement. The institution began its financial operations on the 1st of March 1947.
The International Monetary Fund was originally created to oversee currency stability and manage balance-of-payments difficulties. Its initial role focused on ensuring borrowing states could repay their debts on time while maintaining international financial cooperation. The Bretton Woods exchange rate system governed its operations until it collapsed in 1971.
The International Monetary Fund participated in the first Greek bailout in May 2010 which totaled 110 billion euros. The Greek government agreed to austerity measures to reduce the deficit from 11% in 2009 to well below 3% in 2014. A second bailout package of more than 100 billion euros was agreed upon in October 2011.
The United States is the International Monetary Fund's most powerful member with over 16% of voting power. Changes in voting shares require approval by a super-majority of 85% of voting power. The US has historically maintained its leadership role and ability to shape international norms and practices.
A 2009 study concluded that strict International Monetary Fund conditions resulted in thousands of deaths in Eastern Europe by tuberculosis. In the 21 countries to which the International Monetary Fund had given loans, tuberculosis deaths rose by 16.6%. These programs have a detrimental effect on maternal and child health among other adverse effects.
The current managing director and chairperson of the International Monetary Fund is Bulgarian economist Kristalina Georgieva. She has held the position since the 1st of October 2019. The International Monetary Fund removed the age limit of 65 or over for its managing director position in August 2019.