Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word homophobia appeared in print for the first time on the 23rd of May 1969 in an article for the American pornographic magazine Screw. Psychologist George Weinberg coined the term in the 1960s before this publication date. The initial context described a heterosexual man's irrational fear that others might think he was gay rather than hatred of gay people themselves.
Seven countries currently carry the death penalty for homosexual activity including Iran, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen, Afghanistan, and Brunei. The Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979 expanded punishment against LGBTQ people with the government executing more than 4,000 people charged with homosexual acts since that time. Afghanistan saw the death penalty carried out under Taliban rule as part of state-sponsored persecution.
A 2018 study regarding socioecological measurement of homophobia and its public health impact for 158 countries found that the prejudice against gay people has a worldwide economic cost of 119.1 billion dollars. The economic loss in Asia was 88.29 billion dollars while in Latin America and the Caribbean it was 8.04 billion dollars. A 2018 study by The Williams Institute at UCLA School of Law concludes that there is a positive correlation between LGBTQ inclusion and GDP per capita.
The International Day Against Homophobia was first celebrated on the 17th of May 2005. This event has grown to include related activities in more than 40 countries. Cities across the world use crossings repainted in rainbow colors for their annual pride parades with the first permanent crossings put on roads in Lambeth, England.
Behavioral scientist Wainwright Churchill coined the term homoerotophobia in 1967. Hudson and Ricketts coined the term homonegativism in 1980 to avoid the clinical implications of the word phobia. Gregory M. Herek a researcher at the University of California, Davis preferred the term sexual prejudice as being descriptive and free of presumptions about motivations.