Short answers, pulled from the story.
Psychologist George Weinberg coined the term homophobia in the 1960s and is credited as the first person to use it in speech. The word first appeared in print in the 23rd of May 1969 edition of the American magazine Screw.
A 1996 controlled study at the University of Georgia found that men scored as homophobic on the Index of Homophobia showed considerably more erectile response to homoerotic imagery than non-homophobic men. A 2016 eye-tracking study found that heterosexual men with high negative impulse reactions toward homosexuals also gazed longer at homosexual imagery than other heterosexual men.
According to the International Lesbian and Gay Association's 2009 report, seven countries carried the death penalty for homosexual activity: Iran, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen, Afghanistan, and Brunei. Two additional countries, Nigeria and Somalia, carry the death penalty in certain regions.
A 2018 study covering 158 countries estimated the worldwide economic cost of anti-gay prejudice at 119.1 billion dollars. The same study found that a 1 percent decrease in homophobia correlates with a 10 percent increase in GDP per capita, though this does not imply causation.
Internalized homophobia refers to negative stereotypes, beliefs, and stigma about homosexuality that a person with same-sex attraction turns inward on themselves. It has been linked to clinical depression and to a suicide attempt rate of up to 30 percent among non-heterosexual youth.
The International Day Against Homophobia, known as IDAHO, was first celebrated on the 17th of May 2005, with activities in more than 40 countries. The date marks the 1990 World Health Organization decision to remove homosexuality from its disease classification.