Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Hittites were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of the Bronze Age in West Asia. They settled in north-central Anatolia in the early 2nd millennium BC and built an empire centered on their capital, Hattusa.
The Hittite capital was Hattusa, at the site known today as Bogazkale or Bogazkoy in north-central Anatolia. King Labarna established the capital there around 1650 BC after renaming himself Hattusili I, meaning the man of Hattusa.
The Hittite Empire reached its peak during the mid-14th century BC under Suppiluliuma I, around 1350 BC. At that point it encompassed most of Anatolia and parts of northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia, bordering the Hurri-Mitanni and the Assyrians.
The Hittites spoke Hittite, which they called nesili, the language of Nesa. It is the oldest historically attested member of the Indo-European language family, and it was deciphered by the Czech linguist Bedrich Hrozny, who announced his results on the 24th of November 1915.
The Hittite Empire fell during the Bronze Age Collapse, with Hattusa burned to the ground around 1180 BC by the Kaskians, Phrygians, and Bryges. Severe drought struck for three consecutive years in 1198, 1197, and 1196 BC, while the Sea Peoples cut off Hittite trade routes by seizing Cilicia and Cyprus.
Before archaeological discoveries revealed the Anatolian civilization, the Hebrew Bible was the only source to mention a people called Hittites. In it they supplied the Israelites with cedar, chariots, and horses, and Uriah the Hittite served as a captain in King David's army and one of his mighty men in 1 Chronicles 11.
The Hittites under Mursili II carried out the first recorded use of biological warfare around 1330 BC. When the Arzawans attacked a Hatti weakened by a tularemia epidemic, Mursili repelled them by sending infected rams to the Arzawans.