Short answers, pulled from the story.
Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, though the exact date is disputed. Alexander's chief architect for the project was Dinocrates. Alexander sketched the city's general plan on the ground using grain, as chalk was unavailable, then left Egypt a few months later and never returned.
The Library of Alexandria was likely finally destroyed in 391 AD when Emperor Theodosius I ordered the destruction of all pagan temples. The Patriarch Theophilus complied, and the Serapeum, which housed the Great Library, was destroyed. A separate persistent belief holds that the library's contents were destroyed in 642 during the Arab invasion.
The Arab general Amr ibn al-As captured Alexandria in 641 AD after a siege lasting fourteen months, ending 975 years of Greco-Roman control. A Byzantine fleet briefly retook the city in 645 but lost it again the following year. A new Egyptian capital, Fustat, was then established on the Nile, and Alexandria began a long decline.
The Museion in Alexandria was associated with several major figures, including Euclid the geometer and number theorist, the astronomer Hipparchus, and Eratosthenes, who calculated the Earth's circumference, devised an algorithm for finding prime numbers, and served as head librarian.
In July 1954, Alexandria was targeted in an Israeli bombing campaign that later became known as the Lavon Affair. The incident occurred during a period of strained relations between Egypt and Western powers, and was followed just months later by a failed assassination attempt on Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser at Manshia Square in Alexandria.
In July 2018, archaeologists led by Zeinab Hashish discovered a 30-ton black granite sarcophagus estimated to be over 2,000 years old; it contained three damaged skeletons, a small gold artifact, and three thin sheets of gold. In June 2022, archaeologists from the Cairo Ministry of Antiquities announced the discovery of an alabaster bust of Alexander the Great alongside molds used to create amulets and statues of Alexander.