Short answers, pulled from the story.
Hieronymus Bosch was a Dutch painter from 's-Hertogenbosch in the Duchy of Brabant, born around 1450 and died on the 9th of August 1516. He was a leading figure of the Early Netherlandish painting school, known for oil paintings on oak panels depicting fantastical religious subjects.
The Garden of Earthly Delights is a triptych altarpiece painted by Bosch between around 1495 and 1505. Its three panels depict the Garden of Eden, a central panorama of nude figures in innocent joy, and a nighttime hellscape of torment and damnation. The painting is held at the Prado Museum in Madrid.
Approximately twenty-five paintings are confidently attributed to Bosch today, along with eight drawings, and about half a dozen more are attributed to his workshop. Earlier 20th-century scholars believed between thirty and fifty paintings were his, but advances in technology and scholarship have reduced the number.
Modern scholars generally view Bosch's imagery as consistent with orthodox late medieval religious belief, depicting sin, heaven, and hell in line with the didactic literature and sermons of his era. Dirk Bax has argued the paintings are visual translations of verbal metaphors drawn from biblical and folkloric sources, rather than heretical or purely fantastical works.
The Prado Museum in Madrid holds the largest collection of Bosch's works, including The Garden of Earthly Delights, The Haywain Triptych, the Adoration of the Magi, and the tabletop painting of The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things. These were acquired by Philip II of Spain in the late 16th century.
Bosch painted primarily on oak panels using oil, with a limited palette that included azurite for blue skies, copper-based glazes for foliage, and lead-tin-yellow and red lake pigments for figures. Unlike his contemporaries, he used rough impasto brushwork rather than the smooth multi-glaze technique typical of Early Netherlandish painters.