Short answers, pulled from the story.
Heracles was the son of Zeus, king of the gods, and Alcmene, a mortal woman. He was also the foster son of Amphitryon, Alcmene's husband. His twin brother Iphicles was the biological son of Amphitryon.
The Twelve Labours were a series of tasks assigned by King Eurystheus as punishment after Heracles, driven mad by Hera, killed his children by Megara. The labours included slaying the Nemean Lion, destroying the Lernaean Hydra, capturing the Ceryneian Hind, cleaning the Augean stables, and capturing Cerberus from the underworld. Completing them promised purification and, according to some versions, immortality.
Heracles died on Mount Oeta after putting on a tunic soaked in the poisoned blood of the centaur Nessus. His wife Deianeira had been told by the dying Nessus that the blood would preserve her husband's love. The Hydra's venom in the blood tore Heracles's skin and exposed his bones. He built his own funeral pyre and had Poeas, father of Philoctetes, light it.
Heracles occupied a unique position as both a mortal hero and a divine figure, described by Pindar as heros theos. At the same festival, ancient Greeks would offer a chthonic sacrifice to him as a hero and a separate sacrifice on an altar as a god. His ascent to Olympus after death, and his eventual reconciliation with Hera, confirmed his divine status.
The name Monaco derives from the temple of Heracles Monoikos, meaning the lone dweller, which was built on a promontory in what is now the Cote d'Azur. The temple stood far from any nearby town, and the area took its more recent name from that ancient sanctuary.
Heracles was worshipped across the ancient Mediterranean world under different identities. In Rome he was Hercules. In Egypt he was identified most often with Heryshaf, an ancient ram-god of Herakleopolis Magna. After the 4th century BCE he became identified with the Phoenician god Melqart. Via Greco-Buddhist culture, Heraclean symbolism reached Japan, where the Nio guardian deities at Buddhist temples retain traces of his image.