Short answers, pulled from the story.
The settlement known as Cularo was established in 43 BC near a bridge across the Isère river. The village received city status and changed its name to Gratianopolis in 381 after Emperor Gratian visited the location.
Bishops held significant political power over the city from 377 AD until the French Revolution while styling themselves as both bishops and princes. Counts of Albon chose the city as their capital in the 11th century and later adopted the title of Dauphins to rule the State of Dauphiné.
Glove factories reached their Golden Age in the 19th century and exported products to the United States, the United Kingdom, and Russia. Engineer Aristide Bergès industrialized hydroelectricity production starting in 1869 which accelerated economic growth throughout the Grésivaudan valley.
Massive strikes and demonstrations took place before local collaboration offices on the 11th of November 1943 leading occupiers to arrest 400 demonstrators in the streets. Resistance fighters blew up artillery at the Polygon on the 13th of November causing a psychological shock for the enemy who then intensified repression.
Grenoble hosted the X Olympic Winter Games in 1968 which helped modernize the city through infrastructure development including an airport, motorways, a new Hôtel de Ville town hall, and a new train station. The event also aided the development of ski resorts like Chamrousse, Les Deux Alpes, and Villard-de-Lans.