Short answers, pulled from the story.
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, was an English philosopher and statesman who lived from 1561 to 1626 and served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I. He is called the father of empiricism because he argued that scientific knowledge could rest on inductive reasoning and careful observation of nature, making him one of the founders of the scientific method.
Francis Bacon died of pneumonia on the 9th of April 1626, at the age of 65, at Arundel House in Highgate outside London. According to a story John Aubrey heard from Thomas Hobbes, Bacon fell ill after stepping into the snow to test whether flesh could be preserved by cold by stuffing a hen with snow.
In 1621 a parliamentary committee charged Francis Bacon with 23 separate counts of corruption after he fell into debt, with his enemy Sir Edward Coke instigating the accusations. He was fined £40,000 and committed to the Tower of London, but the imprisonment lasted only a few days and the king remitted the fine, though Parliament barred him from future office.
The Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship is a fringe theory first proposed in the mid-19th century that contends Francis Bacon wrote at least some and possibly all of the plays conventionally attributed to William Shakespeare.
Francis Bacon's notable works include his Essays, which grew from 10 essays in 1597 to 58 in the final 1625 edition, The Advancement of Learning in 1605, the Novum Organum within his Great Instauration in 1620, and New Atlantis in 1626. The Novum Organum laid out his case for induction and was highly influential in the 17th century.
Francis Bacon married Alice Barnham, the 13-year-old daughter of a well-connected London alderman and MP, on his wedding day the 10th of May 1606, when he was 45. He later disinherited her after discovering her secret relationship with Sir John Underhill, rewriting his will to revoke her as a beneficiary.