Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Fantastic Four #1 comic book hit newsstands in November 1961 with a cover-dated deadline that changed the industry. Stan Lee and Jack Kirby stood at the center of this moment though their accounts diverged sharply over decades.
Stan Lee and Jack Kirby pioneered the production technique called the Marvel Method during their collaboration on The Fantastic Four starting in 1961. This approach involved Lee writing a basic plot outline before handing it to Kirby for penciling without detailed dialogue instructions.
Issue #5 brought Doctor Doom into the series as the team's most frequent nemesis signaling a shift away from monster-book formulas toward superhero genre conventions. Lee and Kirby created many central Marvel characters including the hidden race of alien-human genetic experiments known as the Inhumans.
John Byrne revitalized the slumping title with his run beginning at issue #209 in August 1979 serving as writer penciller and inker under pseudonym Bjorn Heyn for that single issue only. He made several significant changes including renaming Invisible Girl to Invisible Woman to reflect her assertive and confident nature.
The first Hanna-Barbera production ran twenty episodes on ABC from September 1967 through September 1968. A second DePatie-Freleng series aired thirteen episodes from September to December 1978 featuring robot H.E.R.B.I.E replacing Human Torch character.