Short answers, pulled from the story.
The collapse of the African front occurred on the 4th of November 1942. This event exposed Italy to invasion by Allied forces and demoralized the population due to heavy aerial bombings.
King Victor Emmanuel III remained the monarch throughout the crisis. His inaction stemmed from constitutional scruples and fear until he ordered Mussolini's arrest on the 25th of July 1943.
Twenty-eight members met in the parrot room of Palazzo Venezia to vote on Dino Grandi's Order of the Day. The motion passed with nineteen votes for and eight against, leading to Mussolini's dismissal.
Mussolini was first taken to Podgora army barracks in Trastevere before moving to Legnano barracks in Prati. He was later transferred to Gaeta on the corvette Persefone and finally imprisoned at Campo Imperatore.
Germany occupied all of central and northern Italy by the 19th of September 1943. This occupation followed the Armistice of Cassibile which was publicly notified on the 8th of September 1943.