Short answers, pulled from the story.
Evo Moment #37, also called the Daigo Parry, is a sequence from the Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike semifinal at Evolution Championship Series 2004 between Daigo Umehara and Justin Wong. Umehara countered 15 consecutive hits of Wong's Super Art move while down to his last unit of health, then won the match.
Daigo Umehara won the match after parrying Wong's Chun-Li combo and landing a 12-hit counter capped by Ken's Super Art III. Umehara went on to lose the Grand Final of that tournament to Kenji 'KO' Obata, who played as Yun.
It happened on the 1st of August 2004, during the Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike finals of Evo 2004 at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.
Umehara used the Parry technique, stepping toward Wong's attack within six frames, about 0.1 seconds at 60 frames per second. He predicted the first hit before Wong's Super Art II even started, then repeated that timing across all 14 remaining hits before countering with his own combo.
Tournament organizer and ring announcer Ben Cureton uploaded the highlight video under the title 'Evo Moment #37,' picking an arbitrary two-digit number. A previously unnoticed recording, filmed by a spectator called Ace R., was later found and uploaded to YouTube by Mark 'MarkMan' Julio in April 2019.
Justin Wong said in an interview with EventHubs that the moment may have helped 'save' the fighting game community when it was losing steam. It is also frequently described as the most iconic and memorable moment in competitive video gaming history, and it had drawn more than 30 million views by 2016.