Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines an energy transition as moving from one state to another over time. This concept describes a broad structural alteration in how societies produce and consume power.
Politicians first used the term energy transition after the oil crisis of 1973. US President Jimmy Carter called for a third major change in his Address on the Nation on Energy delivered in 1977.
Unit costs for solar energy fell by 85 percent between 2010 and 2019. Lithium-ion batteries also dropped by 85 percent during this same period, making renewables the cheapest form for new installations in many regions.
Germany implemented the Energiewende policy document published in September 2010. German renewables share increased from around 5 percent in 1999 to 46.2 percent in 2022 under this strategy.
Coal oil and gas combustion account for 89 percent of global emissions yet provide 78 percent of primary energy consumption. Climate change mitigation drives the rapid shift to zero-carbon sources to address these figures.