Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Delhi Sultanate began in 1206 after Muhammad Ghori's death and ended in 1526 when Babur invaded northern India. This empire ruled the Indian subcontinent for over three centuries before being replaced by the Mughal Empire.
Qutb al-Din Aibak became the first Sultan of Delhi in 1206 following the assassination of Muhammad Ghori. He initiated the construction of the Qutb Minar but died before its completion while his son-in-law Iltutmish took power in 1211 to consolidate authority.
The Khalji dynasty existed from 1290 until 1320, lasting exactly thirty years before Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq defeated Khusro Khan. Ala ud-Din Khalji rose to power in 1296 after murdering his uncle Jalal ud-Din Firuz Khalji and expanded the empire deep into South India using slave generals like Malik Kafur.
Timur marched his army into Delhi in 1398 and killed an estimated 100,000 to 200,000 people within fifteen days of plundering. The conqueror collected wealth and enslaved skilled artisans before returning to Samarkand with loot, leaving the Sultanate in chaos.
Ala ud-Din Khalji replaced private markets with four centralized government-run markets called shahana-i-mandi that enforced strict price controls on goods ranging from caps to chapatis. Agricultural taxes rose from 20% to 50%, granaries were nationalized, and a network of spies ensured system implementation while capitalist investors were banned from participating in the horse trade.