Short answers, pulled from the story.
A Decree of the President of the Russian Federation is a legal act with the status of a by-law made by the President of Russia. It is binding on the entire territory of Russia and carries the highest legal force after the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.
Normative presidential decrees must be officially published within ten days of signing and enter into force seven days after first official publication, simultaneously across all of Russia. Acts containing state secrets or confidential information come into force from the date of signing.
No. Presidential decrees may not alter the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Constitutional Laws, Federal Laws, or laws of Russian regions. Any of those instruments can supersede a presidential decree.
In 1992 and 1993, a conflict arose in which presidential decrees issued by Boris Yeltsin were overturned by legislation adopted by the parliament. The standoff peaked in October 1993 when Yeltsin ordered the parliament building to be shot, ending with a new constitution enacted after the 1993 referendum.
Before the 2020 referendum, Russia's international agreements outranked presidential decrees in the legal hierarchy. After the referendum, international agreements dropped below presidential decrees and all other Russian state law, reversing the prior precedence order.
Yes. By decree, the President of Russia has the right to suspend the operation of acts of regional executive authorities when those acts contradict the Constitution, federal laws, Russia's international obligations, or violate human and civil rights and freedoms.