Short answers, pulled from the story.
The period of company rule began in 1757 with the Battle of Plassey and ended in 1858 following the Indian Rebellion. The East India Company governed from 1757 until the British government took direct control after the rebellion concluded on the 20th of June 1858.
Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of Fort William on the 20th of October 1773. He served in this role until the 1st of February 1785 during a tenure that included the Great Bengal Famine of 1770.
Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement in 1793 which fixed land tax at £3 million according to 1789-90 prices. Thomas Munro later promoted the ryotwari system which settled land-revenue directly with peasant farmers called ryots.
The Company gained its first foothold in India with a factory established in Masulipatnam on the Eastern coast in 1611. A second factory followed in Surat in 1612 after Mughal Emperor Jahangir granted permission.
Public post offices were established under Act XVII in 1837 while electric telegraphy became viable mid-century starting with trials in 1851. By 1857 the telegraph network expanded to 4,555 miles lines across sixty two offices reaching from Calcutta to Madras.