Short answers, pulled from the story.
Rome established its first colonies at Antemnae and Crustumerium in 752 BC. These early settlements served as garrisons for Roman citizens planted in conquered towns within the region of Latium.
Each group of settlers received between one to two point five hectares of agricultural land from state holdings. The settlers also gained free use of common pastures and woodlands for grazing livestock.
Colonists assigned to Latin colonies lost their Roman citizenship while living there. They could regain full rights only if they returned to Rome itself.
Augustus needed to settle over one hundred thousand legionary veterans across the empire to secure newly conquered territories. He created these settlements both as new cities and by expanding existing occupied towns like modern Cologne.
Colonia Claudia Victricensis was founded in 49 AD by Claudius. This colony represents an example where the term evolved to denote the highest status available to a Roman city during Late Imperial times.