Short answers, pulled from the story.
Over the last 100 years, Russia's average temperature has risen by around 1.29 degrees Celsius, compared to a global average of 0.74 degrees Celsius according to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. In the Arctic, temperatures are rising at double the global average rate, or 0.2 degrees per decade over the past 30 years. Western regions are currently warming by 0.4 to 0.5 degrees Celsius every decade.
In May 2020, thawing permafrost at Norilsk-Taimyr Energy's Thermal Power Plant No. 3 caused an oil storage tank to collapse, releasing 21,000 cubic metres (17,500 tonnes) of diesel oil into local rivers. It has been described as the second-largest oil spill in modern Russian history.
The 2010 heatwave and wildfires in Russia resulted in around 14,000 heat and air-pollution related deaths. The disaster also caused a 25 percent crop failure, burned more than 10,000 square kilometres, and led to around 15 billion US dollars in economic losses. Temperatures in Moscow reached 38.2 degrees Celsius during the event, the highest since records began 130 years earlier.
Russia's Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement targets a 70 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 relative to 1990 levels, accounting for the absorptive capacity of forests and ecosystems. Russia announced in 2019 that it would implement the 2015 Paris Agreement. Climate Action Tracker has rated Russia's overall climate action as "critically insufficient."
Frequent winter thaws cause rain to fall on snow, which then refreezes and forms ice layers on the ground. Reindeer cannot dig through the ice to reach the lichens they feed on, threatening traditional herding practices of the Sami and Nenets peoples. Researchers have found that even small climate changes measurably affect the nomadic life of the Nenets.
The overall yield of grain crops in Russia is expected to decrease by 17 percent by 2050. By 2030, prices are estimated to rise significantly: 29 percent for wheat, 33 percent for rice, and 47 percent for maize. A May 2024 frost in the Voronezh region alone damaged approximately 265,000 hectares of crops, pushing international wheat prices to their highest since August 2023.