Short answers, pulled from the story.
Tiberius Claudius D. f. Ti. n. Drusus was born on the 1st of August 10 BC in Lugdunum, modern-day Lyon, France. He suffered from an illness that left him with a limp, a stammer, and a tremor during his childhood.
Claudius became Roman emperor on the 24th of January 41 when Praetorian Guard member Gratus found him hiding behind a curtain and proclaimed him princeps. The Senate eventually gave in to the Praetorians' claim despite their initial demand for approval before granting power.
Narcissus served as secretary of correspondence while Pallas handled treasury duties and Callistus served as secretary of justice. Polybius led a fourth bureau for miscellaneous issues until his execution for treason.
In 43 AD Claudius sent Aulus Plautius with four legions to Britain following an appeal from an ousted tribal ally. Claudius himself traveled to the island after completion of initial offensives bringing reinforcements and established Colonia Claudia Victricensis at Camulodunum.
Ancient historians agree that Claudius died in the early hours of the 13th of October 54 possibly from poison containing mushrooms. Nearly all accounts implicate final powerful wife Agrippina as instigator who sought succession for her son Nero before Britannicus gained power.