Short answers, pulled from the story.
The gatehouse of Lorsch Abbey stands as a physical bridge between the ancient Roman world and the medieval West. It was built during the Carolingian Renaissance of the late 8th and 9th centuries.
Filippo Brunelleschi constructed the Ospedale degli Innocenti in Florence between 1419 and 1445. This structure features a treatment of columns that had no direct antecedent in ancient Roman architecture.
Neoclassical architecture held a particularly strong position on the architectural scene until around 1850. The Glyptothek in Munich was designed by Leo von Klenze and built from 1816 to 1830 as a prime example of this style.
The most widely accepted theory suggests that the earliest temple structures were originally made of wood. Dressed and polished stone replaced the wood in these early temples at different times and places in the Greek world.
Classical styles of architecture dominated Western architecture from the Renaissance until World War II. Classical antiquity at least in theory was considered the prime source of inspiration for architectural endeavors in the West for much of modern history.