Short answers, pulled from the story.
William Pokhlyobkin claimed chicken Kiev was invented in 1912 as Novo-Mikhailovskaya kotleta in St. Petersburg Merchants Club near Mikhailovsky palace. Some Russian sources attribute creation of this dish to Nicolas Appert, French confectioner and chef who is best known as inventor of airtight food preservation.
The main difference between old time côtelette de volaille and modern chicken Kiev is butter stuffing. Elaborate stuffings of the former are replaced by butter in the latter dish which results in an especially juicy and tender consistency.
Chicken cutlets Kiev-style were listed in Apportionments for dinners published in 1928. This book served as standard reference for Soviet catering establishments and demanded renaming many traditional restaurant dishes to replace bourgeois names with simple proletarian forms.
Mentions of chicken Kiev appear in US newspapers starting from 1937 when reports describe Russian-style restaurant Yar in Chicago serving this dish. Restaurant existed until 1951 and was run by Vladimir Yaschenko former colonel of imperial Russian army.
Chicken Kiev speech is derisive name coined by William Safire for then-U.S. President George H. W. Bush speech on the 1st of August 1991. Speech opposed independence for Ukraine cautioning Ukrainians against suicidal nationalism before Ukraine declared independence on the 24th of August.