Short answers, pulled from the story.
Charles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc was a French Army divisional general born on the 17th of March 1772 in Pontoise, Île-de-France. He served in the French Revolutionary Wars, married Pauline Bonaparte (Napoleon's sister), and commanded the Saint-Domingue expedition of 1801-1802. He died of yellow fever on the 2nd of November 1802.
Napoleon appointed Leclerc to overthrow Governor-General Toussaint Louverture and restore French colonial authority over Saint-Domingue. Publicly, Leclerc was directed to maintain the abolition of slavery; privately, Napoleon planned to reinstate slavery once Louverture was detained. Leclerc left Brest on the 14th of December 1801 with 40,000 troops.
Leclerc secured Louverture's surrender by exploiting divisions among his officers and promising them continued ranks in the French army. After Louverture accepted a negotiated house arrest, Leclerc arrested him during a subsequent meeting, acting on secret orders from Napoleon, and deported him to France. Louverture died in 1803 while imprisoned at Fort de Joux in the Jura Mountains.
News that slavery had been reestablished in the nearby French colony of Guadeloupe triggered mass desertions by Haitian troops serving in Leclerc's army and widespread uprisings in the second half of 1802. Senior officers including Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Alexandre Pétion, and Henri Christophe defected to the resistance. Leclerc's increasingly brutal response, including mass executions of Black soldiers at Le Cap, accelerated the collapse.
In October 1802, Leclerc wrote to Napoleon calling for the destruction of virtually the entire Black population of Saint-Domingue, writing "We must destroy all the blacks of the mountains - men and women - and spare only children under 12 years of age." In the same letter he expressed personal anguish, writing "My soul is withered, and no joyful thought can ever make forget these hideous scenes."
Leclerc died of yellow fever in November 1802, and his successor Donatien de Rochambeau continued the failed campaign with similar brutality. On the 18th of November 1803, François Capois defeated Rochambeau at the Battle of Vertières. Jean-Jacques Dessalines, a former officer in Leclerc's own army, proclaimed the independence of Haiti on the 1st of January 1804.