Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander touched down near the lunar south pole at 18:04 IST on the 23rd of August 2023. This event marked India's first soft landing on another celestial body and made ISRO the fourth national space agency to achieve this feat.
Engineers removed the centrally mounted fixed-thrust engine from the Chandrayaan-2 lander and introduced variable-thrust engines with slew rate changing capabilities for Chandrayaan-3. They increased the altitude correction rate from 10 degrees per second to 25 degrees per second and added a laser Doppler velocimeter to measure altitude in three directions simultaneously.
The Pragyan rover operated for approximately 14 Earth days or one lunar day before shutting down at sunset over the landing site twelve days after touchdown. The lander could not withstand the cold temperatures of the lunar night, so its batteries were charged while the receiver remained on until no further wake-up calls succeeded after the 28th of September.
On the 29th of August, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscope instrument confirmed the presence of sulfur in the lunar surface near the south pole through first-ever in-situ measurements. This marked the first detection of sulfur near the south pole by a rover even though sulfur had been known from Apollo program samples before.
Unexpected warmth resulted from the ChaSTE instrument penetrating the Sun-ward facing surface with a slope of approximately six degrees which reached peak temperatures of 355 Kelvin. Lunar surface temperature measured from a flat surface about one meter away was found to be roughly 332 Kelvin and these variations become prominent as researchers move toward poles rather than equatorial regions.