Short answers, pulled from the story.
The ancient British town whose location is now occupied by Canterbury was reconstructed as Durouernon, meaning stronghold by the alder grove. The Romans captured this settlement in the 1st century AD and renamed it Durovernum Cantiacorum after the local Celtic tribe known as the Cantiaci.
Pope Gregory the Great sent Augustine to convert King Aethelberht to Christianity in 597. This mission established Canterbury as the center for his episcopal see in Kent and made Augustine the first Archbishop of Canterbury.
By the 17th century, French-speaking Huguenots comprised two-fifths of Canterbury's population. These refugees introduced silk weaving into the city which had outstripped wool weaving by 1676.
The most devastating raid occurred on the 1st of June 1942 during the Baedeker Blitz. During 135 separate raids, 10,445 bombs destroyed 731 homes and 296 other buildings in the city including the missionary college and Simon Langton Girls' Grammar School.
In 2015, the value of tourism to the city of Canterbury was over £450 million with 7.2 million people visiting that year making it one of the most-visited cities in England. A full 9,378 jobs were supported by tourism an increase of 6% over the previous year.